Real time positioning of sound sources suffers from computational complexity and low response time, which depends on the presence of noise, reflection and sensor layout architecture to increase the accuracy and speed of Direction finding. Providing a scalable approach with low complexity, resistant to reflection and natural and artificial noise to increase the speed of decision making with appropriate architectural design is a new research topic in civilian and military applications. This paper proposes a fast scalable method of natural noise-resistant and reflective acoustic Direction finding for three-dimensional estimation of Direction finding using the signal time difference of arrival technique, which has a suitable sensor architecture and uses Phase Transform pre-filter along with cubic spline interpolation without pre-processing for noise removal uses a fast algorithm Successive Unconstrained Minimization. In real and artificial near field data experiments, the amount of Azimuth angle and Elevation error is 0. 5587 and 1. 1652 degrees, respectively, and in the far field is 0. 0321 and 0. 2759 degrees, respectively, and the real-time Direction determination speed is 1. 006 Seconds. The high accuracy is the estimated angle and the main position of the source.

Detection and Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is a signal processing challenge for wideband signals like LPI radar signals. Modern radars change theirs signal waveforms from pulse to pulse and distribute the signal in the time or frequency domain. Traditional Direction finders usually use a narrowband channel to maximize sensitivity and detection range. Increasing the signal bandwidth decreases the SNR and the probability of intercept (POI). In this paper we proposed a new method for the Direction finding of LPI radars, which increases the POI. In the proposed method we used two rotating antennas, one antenna used as a matched filter to the other one, in order to increase the processing gain. The proposed method despite traditional Direction-finding methods, is able to detect and analyze pseudo noise and spread spectrum radar signals, without any theoretical limitation on signal frequency bandwidth. In this paper we used two antennas and proposed a new method with cross correlation technic for Direction finding such as the method used in Monopulse tracking radars and compared it with other methods. Simulations shows good detection specifications for low SNR and we could reach about 25dB processing gain in wideband radar signals like LPI Radars or LFM Modulated radar signals.

Estimation of speakers' Directions is one of the interesting topics. In this paper, we introduce the TFCS algorithm for Direction-of-arrival estimation of multiple speakers. In this algorithm, no limitations are imposed on the environment and speech signals. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the recently addressed onset and spectral-based methods.

In this paper, a new method is proposed for DOA estimation of correlated acoustic signals, in the presence of unknown spatial correlation noise. By generating a matrix from the signal subspace with the Hankel-SVD method, the correlated resource information is extracted from each eigenvector. Then a joint-diagonalization structure is constructed of the signal subspace and basis it, independent linear component, related to sources are recovered. Simulation results and comparisons with other commonly presented methods show the capability of this algorithm in low signal-to-noise ratio and close sources.

Recently, infrasound arrays have been greatly considered by researchers because of their unique ability in long-range monitoring of natural and anthropogenic events. Since different geometric configuration have different performance in terms of detection probability and Direction-finding accuracy, it has always been the question of what the optimal arrangement for an infrasound array is. In this paper, three methods for performance evaluation of infrasound microphone arrays are introduced and in each case, associated analytical equations are derived. Firstly, the so-called frequency-wavenumber power spectral density is described as a well-known array-based detection performance evaluation criterion. As the second method, Direction-dependency of array-averaged coherence coefficient is proposed for measurement of detection accuracy. Finally, the degree of uncertainty in estimation of parameters of incoming wave over the array is proposed as a performance criterion. Then, by using the proposed methods, performance of different array geometries are studies through several computer simulations. The results of this paper show the required characteristics of an optimum configuration strategy for the deployment of infrasound arrays.

The iHLRF algorithm is a popular iterative algorithm for determining the failure probability in structural reliability problems. It belongs to the family of first-order reliability methods (FORM) and is known for its fast convergence and remarkable simplicity. However, in cases where the limit state function oscillates significantly near the design point, which often occurs in high nonlinear limit state functions, the iHLRF algorithm may suffer from convergence issues. To address these convergence issues, this paper proposes three two-step Direction determination techniques for first-order analysis. These techniques are based on two-step root-finding methods with a higher convergence rate than existing methods. The proposed techniques aim to improve the accuracy and robustness of the iHLRF algorithm, especially in cases where the limit state function shows highly nonlinear behavior. A numerical example with high nonlinear limit state functions in standard normal space is presented to demonstrate the proposed techniques' efficiency and capability. The performance of each proposed technique is compared with other existing methods, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each approach. Overall, this paper aims to contribute to developing more accurate and reliable methods for determining the reliability index in structural reliability problems, with the potential to be applied in various engineering fields.

DOA estimation plays an important role in array signal processing, and has a wide range of application. In this thesis, I will describe what DOA (Direction of arrival) estimation is, and give a mathematical model of DOA estimation. Then estimate DOA based on the MUSIC algorithm, and give some simulations with MATLAB to simulate what factors can affect the accuracy and resolution of DOA estimation when using the MUSIC algorithm. An angle of arrival (AOA) estimator is presented. Many applications require accurate AOA estimates such as wireless positioning and signal enhancement using space-processing techniques. This paper examines methods of Direction finding TOA, TDOA, and AOA. Experimental results confirm the methods success. Signal routing is very important in telecommunications and we have explained some methods in this article and specifically we have explained an aoa method. We described the results and simulations in the result section. We compared our method with other methods and our method shows a better result.

In wind erosion process, there are three areas: source area, transport area, and deposition area. The prevention of sediments movement in the source area is a fundamental task. In stabilizing source sediments of sand dunes, recognition of the taking regions is essential. In order to study the in order to study the source of eolian sediments in the Fadisheh region, a step-by-step method (Ekhtesasi-Ahmadi) was used. This study was done in two stages: Direction finding and location finding. First, information about the Direction of local winds was gathered by questionnaire. Then satellite image (ETM+, 2002) and field investigations, the erg morphological map was determined. By studying wind regime and wind rose drawing, the erosive winds were recognized. After recognition of source sector (southeast and east sector), the location finding phase was started. In this stage by geomorphologic studying of the source sector and sampling into facieses, the mineralogical and morphoscopical studies of sand dunes and source sector sediments were done. Finally, paying attention to other evidences as the Direction of Barkhan dunes (Southeast-Northwest), high intensity of energy for East winds, the existence of heavy minerals as Hematit, Chamosite, Edenite and Sphalerite in sand dune and source area soil samples, average median of sand dunes sediment samples (~210micron), symmetrical shape of sand dunes sediments frequency graph, was found that the source of eolian sediments are in the middle distance relative to sand dunes and are as follows: damaged Haloxylon forests, non vegetative area, unutilized lands in the southeast sector of the clay plains, Microlithic pediments and non vegetative lands in the margins of Kal-e-Shoor and Kale- Shoor River bed.

Prevention of sediment movement in the taking area is a fundamental basic task. For source studying of Rafsanjan eolian sediments, step by step method (Ekhtesasi-Ahmadi et al.) was employed. This study is carried out in two stages: Direction finding and location finding. For Direction finding of taking sector, first through quesitionnaire Fill up informations on local winds were gathered. Then satellite images at two periods were compared through these images as well as field investigations, the erg morphological map was prepared. By studying wind regime and windrose drawing, the erosive winds were recognised. After recognition of taking sector (west and southwest sector), the location-finding phase was started. In this stage through geomorphological studying of taking sector and sampling into facies, the mineralogical and morphoscopical studies of sand dunes and taking sector sediments were done.At last with due attention to reasonings such as: the Direction of Seif and Barkhan dunes (southwest-northeast), the settlement of Zibars in the west and southwest of erg, high intensity of energy for west and southwest winds, the existence of heavy minerals as Hematite and Amphibole in sediment samples, large median of samples (240 microns), the skewness of some samples towards coarse particles as well as low roundness factor (of taking sector samples), it was found that the sources of eolian sediments are close (<20 km) and inctude the followings:rangelands, abondoned farmlands and pistachio gardens on the east and southwest plains of Rafsanjan, the barelands or poorly covered grounds on the east pediments of Rafsanjan as well as beds of Shoor, Shahzadeh Abbas and Kabootarkhan rivers.

In managerial and economic applications, there appear problems in which the goal is to simultaneously optimize several criteria functions (CFs). However, since the CFs are in conflict with each other in such cases, there is not a feasible point available at which all CFs could be optimized simultaneously. Thus, in such cases, a set of points, referred to as 'nondominate' points (NDPs), will be encountered that are ineffective in relation to each other. In order to find such NDPs, many methods including the scalarization techniques have been proposed, each with their advantages and disadvantages. A comprehensive approach with scalarization perspective is the PS method of Pascoletti and Serafini. The PS method uses the two parameters of p a R p  as the starting point and r R r  , 2, 0 p p as the Direction of motion to find the NDPs on the 'non-dominate' frontier (NDF). In bi-objective cases, the point 2 a R is selected on a special line, and changing point on this line leads to finding all the NDPs. Generalization of this approach is very difficult to three-or more-criteria optimization problems because any closed pointed cone in a three-or more-dimensional space is not like a two-dimensional space of a polygonal cone. Moreover, even for multifaceted cones, the method cannot be generalized, and inevitably weaker constraints must be used in the assumptions of the method. In order to overcome such problems of the PS method, instead of a hyperplane (two-dimensional line), a hypersphere is applied in the current paper, and the parameter p a R is changed over its boundary. The generalization of the new method for more than two criteria problems is simply carried out, and the examples, provided along with their comparisons with methods such as mNBI and NC, ensure the efficiency of the method. A case study in the realm of health care management (HCM) including two conflicting CFs with special constraints is also presented as an exemplar application of the proposed method.